We broadly define computer auditing as any audit practices that may rely on information technology (IT). Such skill has long been argued and considered to be an important capability for both external and internal auditors for more than two decades though its applications were relatively limited in the past. In recent years, with the advance of information technology, what auditors can achieve with IT has dramatically changed. For example, auditors are now be able to perform both descriptive and predictive analyses, process both numeric and textual data, and apply such capability from assertion testing to compliance and risk assessments. This evolving capability has also brought the new term “audit analytics” to practices. Specifically, analytics focuses more on the business decisions and processes while the traditional computer auditing is mainly about audit. This improved capability and expanded scope have attracted a lot of attention with a wide range of applications. For instance, the PCAOB’s new strategic plan (PCAOB 2018 ) has highlighted that “[i]nnovations in data analytics and technology have great potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of financial reporting and the audit process” (p.9). Audit firms and internal audit functions have also engaged in the development and the use of analytics in external and internal audit processes (e.g., Forbes 2018; Deloitte 2016; KPMG 2016), which have potentially changed the role of internal auditors to internal consultants.

Reference Format:
Wang, T. and Huang, S., 2019, Computer Auditing: TheWay Forward, International Journal of Computer Auditing , Vol.1, No.1, pp.1- 3.
https://doi.org/10.53106/256299802019120101001

    “Big Data” is a technological term with a seemingly cognitive connotation that masks an ideological orientation of those attempting to be benevolently, criminally of even “innocently” in control of our knowledge and subsequent actions. Without an epistemological foundation “small” and especially “big” data are a myth. When “the truth” becomes “what’s on a digital screen” under the control of those in charge of “the cloud” we are clouding our cultural heritage voluntarily to an extent that exposes us to the whims of those screening and displaying our data even in so-called “post-truth” fashion.

    Subsequent information and knowledge cannot be critically and rationally assessed for lack of evidence. All lessons learned during the last four centuries of enlightening efforts seem to be forgotten or ignored by us. Our preference for “cognitive ease” can be easily abused by those in control of modern information technology. We remain in “self-imposed immaturity” (Kant) while they can act primarily for their own economic, political, and social benefits and may even feel “justified” by the big-data-ideology.

    Knowledge must remain relevant to, testable and rationally believable by the legitimate recipients of any public data and information. An enlightened framework for data governance is overdue in the “digital big data age!”

Keywords:
Audit theory, big data, data governance, information systems theory

Reference Format:
Will, H. 2019. Big Data: Ideology vs. Enlightenment, International Journal of Computer Auditing , Vol.1, No.1, pp.4- 25
https://doi.org/10.53106/256299802019120101002

    Technology is changing the auditing paradigm. As such, future accounting graduates are expected to have substantial technological skills. The proposed case provides students with an authentic scenario in which to apply such skills. Revenue and expenditure processing procedures are described for General Supply Warehouse, and several pertinent data files are also included. Students are required to conduct a thorough analysis of internal controls, identify associated weaknesses and utilize either ACL or IDEA to perform substantive testing.

    Data provided with the case have been engineered to produce measurable results from the pre-specified audit tests. The instructor’s section of the case contains comprehensive solutions and a suggested implementation plan.

Keywords:
Planning Materiality, Performance Materiality, Knowledge-based System, Egypt

Reference Format:
Hall, J. & Ziltz, K., 2019, General Supply Warehouse: A Case Study in Internal Control Assessment and IT Auditing Software, International Journal of Computer Auditing , Vol.1, No.1, pp.26- 63.
https://doi.org/10.53106/256299802019120101003

    This paper explores how can a knowledge–based system (KBS) be used in auditing especially when the task requires using professional judgments. It concerned with modeling, implementing and evaluating a KBS called Materiality EXpert (MEX). MEX can assess the level of planning materiality and performance materiality as professionals act. Knowledge used to build MEX is acquired from literature, international standards on auditing, and experienced auditors using questionnaire as well as unstructured and structured interviews.

    MEX was evaluated by 34 auditors from different audit firms in Egypt including international audit firms. The evaluation results acquired from experienced auditors in Egypt indicated that MEX successfully executes the task of assessing the level of planning materiality and performance materiality. Moreover, MEX is efficient, effective, and acceptable from auditors for assessing the level of planning materiality and performance materiality.

Keywords:
Risk, Internal Control, Substantive Tests, Database, Fraud, ACL, IDEA, IT Auditing

Reference Format:
Wahdan, M. A., &, Hassan, M. 2019. Automatic Assessment of Materiality: A Knowledge-based Approach, International Journal of Computer Auditing , Vol.1, No.1, pp.64- 91
https://doi.org/10.53106/256299802019120101004

    This study presents evidence on practicing auditors’ perceptions of and competencies in applying big data and data analytics to audit engagements. An electronic questionnaire distributed to accountants shows that auditors have good information technology skills and are well-acquainted with big data and data analytics. However, they lack relevant technical skills and are unfamiliar with related data analysis tools, excluding Excel. The results reveal 64.71% of accountants have not attended any training on big data and data analytics, while 31.37% plan to enhance related knowledge. Auditors need to obtain training on substantive audit risk assessments using big data and data analytics.

Keywords:
big data, data analytics, auditors, perception, competence, Saudi Arabia

Reference Format:
Omitogun, A. & Al-Adeem, K., 2019, Auditors’ Perceptions of and Competencies in Big Data and Data Analytics: An Empirical Investigation, International Journal of Computer Auditing , Vol.1, No.1, pp.92- 113 .
https://doi.org/10.53106/256299802019120101005